The Pipeline Expansion (XPAN) module enables the engineer to quickly calculate the expansion of a pipeline and the pipeline conditions along its length. This information is typically required for sizing spoolpiece offsets.
When a subsea pipeline is installed its ambient temperature is the same as its surrounding environment. The product that the pipeline is designed to transport is usually much hotter than the installation temperature of the pipeline. For the product to flow an internal pressure difference will also be applied. Once operational the temperature and pressure of the pipeline will rise and consequently the pipeline expands. The amount of pipeline expansion will be dependent upon the seabed frictional resistance.
The objective of the XPAN module is to calculate the amount of expansion that will occur at either end of the pipeline after it becomes operational for a specified temperature and pressure profile.
The Calculations can be carried out for both thick and thin wall theories. The XPAN module is used to:
Calculate the thermal, pressure, frictional and total strain at each node along the pipeline;
Calculate the displacement of both the hot and cold ends of the pipeline (this takes into account the variation of temperature and pressure profile along the length);
Calculate the maximum and minimum stresses at the nodal points.
The output from this package is in tabular and graphical form. The tabular output summarises the expansion, stresses and strains at each nodal point. The graphical output shows the temperature profile, displacement and stress along the length of the pipeline.
The XPAN module is supplied with comprehensive theory, user and validation documentation describing worked examples in detail.
Sumber :
http://www.penspen.com/Services/Software/Modules/Pages/XPAN.aspx
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